Pdf is the current land policy of ethiopia the most. Ethiopia has begun moving toward a market economy by encouraging foreign investment and reforming land tenure. Debay taddesse professor russel viljoen january, 2015. Experience and future direction in ethiopian rural land. The existence of so many land tenure systems, coupled with the lack of reliable data, has made it difficult to give a comprehensive assessment of landownership in ethiopia.
The pennsylvania state university, po box 7009, tulpehocken road, reading, pa 196106009, usa. Agriculture is the main stay of the ethiopian economy. The essay also discusses the historical development of land tenure policy in ethiopia. In tigray state, northern ethiopia, where the detailed research on which this paper is based has been centered, and in the literature concerning land rights and our less indepth research in. Review of landholding systems and policies in ethiopia. Landlord tenant and rist is the main tenure institutions. On the frontier the qabiyee system determined the modes of land claiming.
Pioneer settlers claimed the land communally but held the plots individually within the household. Historical conflicts and inequities over access and ownership of land. Home news africa historical aspects of landgrab in ethiopia with political game linked to land tenure of successive regimes 1889 2018 historical aspects of landgrab in ethiopia with political game linked to land tenure of successive regimes 1889 2018. Addis ababa, 1986 writes that gult has never been a form of land tenure. Deforestation and land degradation on the ethiopian highlands. Ownership, equity, and liberty in land use rights daniel weldegebriel ambaye, ethiopia key words. Land tenure and agriculture in sayyooafillo, western wallaga. Land tenure, administration and use in pastoral areas of. Jun 21, 2016 on this page you can read or download ethiopian grade 11 12 history textbooks pdf in pdf format. The survey revealed that the land reform had, in a short period of time, registered the land of 80% of those households and that 60% thereof had received the land certi. In common law systems, land tenure is the legal regime in which land is owned by an individual, who is said to hold the land. To overcome these problems, efforts have been made to launch afforestation and conservation. Land had been controlled by the elite kings and their trusted group in ethiopia. An assessment of ethiopian land policy from various perspectives.
Somali settlers from the dir clans of the issa and gadabuursi migrated to this region as railway workers towards the end of the era of emperor menelek ii of ethiopia. In the southern part, especially, in the twentieth century, the steady process of privatization set in, with its implication of sale and mortgage. Economic decline was reversed in 1993 as the agricultural and industrial output grew. Land registration in ethiopia our household survey included 600 households in two districts woredas in each of or and snnpr. Ethiopia experiences a fierce political debate about the appropriate land tenure policy. Dunning land, for most ethiopians, is central to life. Ethiopia land policy and administration assessment ix executive summary research and studies in ethiopia show that insecurity of land tenure restricts rights in land, reduces incentives to productively invest in land, and limits transferability of land.
Effects of land tenure and property rights on agricultural. Land tenure in ethiopia continuity and change, shifting rulers and the quest for state control wibke crewett,1 ayalneh bogale, and benedikt korf the controversy. Imperial period directed towards private and individualized property is discussed both in general. Land tenure and agriculture in sayyooafillo, western. Land tenure can be defined as the manner in which a party holds or occupies an area of land. History of tenure system in ethiopia blog ethiopian lawinfo. Land rights, holding rights, expropriation, largescale agricultural investment summary from time immemorial, land had been controlled by the elite kings and their trusted followers in ethiopia. The ethiopian people had been struggling for centuries with the inequitable land. A strategy for physical recovery badege bishaw oregon state university, usa abstract deforestation, accelerated soil erosion, and land degradation are serious problems in ethiopia.
How could the same land tenure system accommodate the largescale transition from food crops into cocoa at the opening of the 20th century and so dramatically inhibit investment in land productivity in the same area at the. Proceedings of the second workshop of the land tenure project, working paper on ethiopian development. Land tenure and common pool resources in rural ethiopia. The land issue in ethiopia rural land is both an economic and a politicalsocial question in the presentday ethiopia. In rural ethiopia, land appears to be one of the causes for social inequality and conflict among most households despite the fact that it was redistributed. Economic history of ethiopia 9781599070551 history. Experience and future direction in ethiopian rural land administration by tigistu gebremeskel abza1 1. Since the end of the civil war, ethiopia is one of the world s poorest counties. Land ownership and property rights montaner larson, janelle b. A socioeconomic history of north shawa, ethiopia 1880s1935. Visitors to the area in the first decades of the 20th century frequently described the area a volcanic nomans land between the afar, oromo, somalis and amhara. A history of land measurement in shashemene ethiopia, 1941. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Introduction there is now a growing consensus that, even in rural african contexts where individual titling of land may not be desirable or feasible and use of land as a collateral for credit is at best a distant possibility, providing.
History of tenure system in ethiopia introduction taken from land law teaching material prepared by daniel wgebriel and melkamu belachew under the sponsership of justice and legal research institute understanding the ethiopian land tenure system is important to student of land law for it gives students general historical and factual ideas about the land. Introduction despite the apparent abundance of land, agricultural land with a dependable growing period represents a fraction of the total land area in ethiopia. Over the span of human history, man has drawn most of. Land, land policy and smallholder agriculture in ethiopia. In northern ethiopia, traditional land tenure had had a communal character, with peasants enjoying only usufructuary rights over the land rist land. Request pdf a history of land measurement in shashemene ethiopia, 19411974 in history, land tenure system refers to the social and administrative concept. It is closely connected with the history of solomon. Ethiopia s urban expansion and development strategy has been based on the acquisition of land by government from adjacent peri.
Usaids work with land tenure and property rights ltpr in ethiopia began with the ethiopia land policy and administration assessment in 2004, which led to the following projects. Land administration to nurture development landlinks. Land tenure and land policy in ethiopia after the derg. Land tenure system meaning, types, advantages and disadvantages. In the agricultural societies of highland ethiopia, to have rights over land is to be human. Land tenure, property rights, land markets, land policy, land reform, land titling contents 1. Therefore, control historical and political perspective of land tenure. Following this brief introduction to the motivation and purpose. Ethiopia is a land famed in song and legend from the most ancient times. Land tenure and agricultural development in ethiopia. The evolution of land tenure in ethiopia during the.
From the land comes sustenance, status and often political power. Review of landholding systems and policies in ethiopia under. The rules governing land tenure are invented by societies to regulate land ownership behaviours. Ethiopia, land tenure, property rights regime, bundles of rights. Changing tenure regimes in ethiopias recent history. Gebre sellasie ethiopian economic policy research institute, addis ababa, ethiopia we have used an extensive data set from ethiopia to study the countrys existing land tenure system from the perspective of farmers and to assess the impacts that this system currently has on.
Alivelihood is sustainable when it can cope with, land tenure and rural development 3 2. This debate, however, fails to account for the diversity and continuities in ethiopian land tenure systems. The most common types of land related institutions in pre1975 ethiopia were rist, gult, maderia yemengist land, and semon church land. Professor a masters thesis submitted to school of graduate studies of addis ababa.
History of ethiopia, experience the modern and ancient historic past events, people and governments of ethiopia lonely planet lonely planet travel guides and travel information hi there, we use cookies to improve your experience on our website. Land tenure and agrarian social structure in ethiopia, 16361900 by habtamu mengistie tegegne dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in history in the graduate college of the university of illinois at urbanachampaign, 2011 urbana, illinois doctoral committee. To link to the entire object, paste this link in email, im or document to embed the entire object, paste this html in website to link to this page, paste this link in email, im or document. For convenience, land is used here to include other natural resources such as water and trees.
After the fall of the socialist derg regime in 1991, land property rights have remained vested in the state and only usufruct rights have been alienated to farmers to the disappointment of international donor agencies. Addis ababa university school of post graduate school of law. It determines who can use land, for how long and under what conditions. In turn, these pose significant constraints to agricultural growth and natural.
Thus, individual holding system was the dominant feature of land tenure among the oromo in the preethiopian days. The ethiopia land administration to nurture development land project works at the national and regional levels of government to further improve the legal and regulatory framework related to land tenure and property rights and thereby support the government of ethiopias and usaids goal of increasing economic growth, particularly agricultural sector growth, improving rural resiliency. This phase is still ongoing, but is now sometimes used by. Land tenure, land reform and the qalad system in ethiopia. Ethiopia has been both enriched and burdened by its past, including its land tenure system. Land tenure and agri ethiopian economic association. The introduction of new land legislations and policies o. Keywords land tenure, rural land certification, land related investments, productivity, africa, ethiopia 1.
Tenure rules help define how property rights to land are allocated within societies. Deforestation and land degradation on the ethiopian. Over the span of human history, man has drawn most of his sustenance and much of his fuel, clothing and shelter from the land. Over the span of human history, man has drawn most of his sustenance and much. Historical aspects of landgrab in ethiopia with political. In ethiopia, land with less secure tenure had lower total factor productivity, but this. Prior to the 1974 ethiopian revolution, ethiopia had a complex land tenure system. In wollo province, for example, there were an estimated 111 types of land tenure.
Is the current land policy of ethiopia the most feasible one with respect to the economic goals of the country. In addition, some critics of state ownership have also brought forward fairness as historical justice considerations. This emphasizes the community as the lord of the land. Private ownership of land had never been known except for some historical incidents. Land is a resource in agricultural production, but is. Economic history of ethiopia, 9781599070551, history, book subjects, by richard pankhurst, the original pioneering text in african economic history holds its value with the second edition of economic history of ethiopia. Continuity and change, shifting rulers, and the quest for state control. In general, this paper tries to present clearly and precisely the resourcefulness of land and its uses, historical and political perspective of land tenure.
Land tenure is important in rural development interventions which place an emphasis on building peoples endowments of assets so they can enjoy sustainable livelihoods. Although the 1995 constitution still vests all land in the state and the peoples of ethiopia, stateled land redistribution officially ended in 1997, and the government embarked on an ambitious rural land. History of ethiopia lonely planet travel information. Contending views on land tenure system in ethiopia. Background ethiopia is an ancient country located in the horn of africa with a land area of 1. The econometric results, both for the determinants of land related investment and the simulation of the impact of greater tenure security, via investment, on net farm. We use a large data set from ethiopia that differentiates tenure security and transferability to explore determinants of different types of land related investment and its possible impact on productivity. Continuity and change, shifting rulers, and the quest for state control article pdf available january 2008 with 5,921 reads how we measure reads. Securing land tenure and easing access to land by frank byamugisha february 2016 overview to engage in modern commercial farming, global experience indicates that it is necessary to secure land tenure needed to support long term investments and growth in productivity. An introduction to the economic history of ethiopia, from. Land tenure regimes structure intracommunity relations and relations between state and society. Pdf land resource, uses, and ownership in ethiopia. This book seeks to explore these land tenure, administration and use issues and share experiences from the countrys pastoralist communities to offer solutions based on knowledge gained over a twoyear study and documentation period conducted in all the pastoralist regions of ethiopia.
Land tenure and agriculture productivity, 15001855, proceedings of the third annual seminar of the development of history. Tenure may be based both on official laws and policies, and on informal customs. Contending views on land tenure system in ethiopia academic. Land tenure policy in ethiopia in 1975, the socialist derg regime that had overthrown the imperial regime of haile.